Why is insulin pump treatment rarely used in adolescents and young adults with cystic fibrosis-related diabetes?

Abstract

Background: In type 1 diabetes (T1D), the use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) has increased steadily in the last years. Compared with conventional insulin injection regimes, major advantages might be a nearly physiological insulin secretion, lower rates of hypoglycemia, higher flexibility in daily life, and increased quality of life. Data on CSII in cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) are scarce.

Objective: To analyze current use of insulin pumps in CFRD and compare demographics of pump-treated patients between CFRD and T1D.

Methods: Data from the prospective German/Austrian diabetes patient registry on insulin-treated patients with either CFRD (n = 515) or T1D (n = 43 165) aged >10 yr at manifestation of diabetes were analyzed.

Results: A total of 4.1% (n = 21) of CFRD and 17.7% (n = 7647) of T1D patients received insulin pump treatment within the recent year of care (p < 0.001). Pump-treated patients with CFRD had a significantly shorter duration of diabetes [median (Q1 ; Q3 ): 5.8 (2.9; 9.5) vs. 7.8 (4.3; 20.4) yr, p = 0.026] and tended to be younger [22.0 (18.2; 30.1) vs. 24.9 (17.3; 45.9) yr] than pump-treated T1D patients. Age at initiation of CSII seemed to be lower in CFRD [19.2 (16.5; 29.2) vs. 23.3 (14.8; 43.5) yr]. Insulin pump therapy was used slightly more often in male CFRD patients than females (4.7 vs. 3.6%), whereas in T1D the opposite was observed (14.9 vs. 21.2%, p < 0.001). Discontinuation rate of CSII was higher in CFRD than T1D (30.0 vs. 12.7%, p = 0.005).

Conclusions: Despite potential advantages, insulin pump therapy was rarely used among adolescent and young adult CFRD patients.

Keywords: adolescent; cystic fibrosis; diabetes mellitus; insulin infusion system; young adult.