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. 2014 Aug;3(4):578-84.
doi: 10.1002/mbo3.189. Epub 2014 Jul 1.

Crystalliferous Bacillus cereus group bacteria from a Maryland hardwood forest are dominated by psychrotolerant strains

Michael B Blackburn  1 , Phyllis A W Martin, Daniel Kuhar, Robert R Farrar Jr, Dawn E Gundersen-Rindal
Affiliations

Crystalliferous Bacillus cereus group bacteria from a Maryland hardwood forest are dominated by psychrotolerant strains

Michael B Blackburn et al. Microbiologyopen. 2014 Aug.

Abstract

Crystal-forming bacteria of the Bacillus cereus group were isolated from soil samples collected at different elevations within a mixed hardwood forest in central Maryland, and their phylogenetic relationships determined by multilocus sequence analysis. The vast majority of isolates obtained were associated with two phylogenetic groups known to be psychrotolerant, with very few isolates representing phylogenetic groups more typically associated with Bacillus thuringiensis. Isolates from the psychrotolerant groups were found to grow on solid media at 7 °C. Isolates of 11 highly related, novel sequence types (STs) from the psychrotolerant group that includes Bacillus weihenstephanensis were generally found at higher elevations, and were not associated with soils near streams. Isolates of two related STs from the second psychrotolerant group were nearly always found at the bottoms of ravines near streams, in areas abundant in earthworm castings.

Keywords: Bacillus cereus; Bacillus thuringiensis; Bacillus weihenstephanensis; multilocus sequence analysis; psychrotolerance.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Multilocus sequence analysis phylogeny of Bacillus cereus sequence types 1–610 by maximum likelihood. Roman numerals corresponding to shaded regions refer to the groups identified by Guinebretière et al. (2008). Numbers with arrows indicate the number of recovered isolates from that phylogenetic position.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Detail from the tree presented in Figure1 showing the phylogenetic relationships between Group VI sequence types (STs) from this study and their near neighbors. Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of isolates found/number of soil samples containing the indicated STs.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Detail from the tree presented in Figure1 showing the phylogenetic relationships between Group II sequence types (STs) from this study and their near neighbors. Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of isolates found/number of soil samples containing the indicated STs.
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