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Comparative Study
. 2014:2014:482937.
doi: 10.1155/2014/482937. Epub 2014 Jun 2.

Comparative examination of the olive mill wastewater biodegradation process by various wood-rot macrofungi

Georgios Koutrotsios  1 , Georgios I Zervakis  1
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Comparative examination of the olive mill wastewater biodegradation process by various wood-rot macrofungi

Georgios Koutrotsios et al. Biomed Res Int. 2014.

Abstract

Olive mill wastewater (OMW) constitutes a major cause of environmental pollution in olive-oil producing regions. Sixty wood-rot macrofungi assigned in 43 species were evaluated for their efficacy to colonize solidified OMW media at initially established optimal growth temperatures. Subsequently eight strains of the following species were qualified: Abortiporus biennis, Ganoderma carnosum, Hapalopilus croceus, Hericium erinaceus, Irpex lacteus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Pleurotus djamor, and P. pulmonarius. Fungal growth in OMW (25%v/v in water) resulted in marked reduction of total phenolic content, which was significantly correlated with the effluent's decolorization. A. biennis was the best performing strain (it decreased phenolics by 92% and color by 64%) followed by P. djamor and I. lacteus. Increase of plant seeds germination was less pronounced evidencing that phenolics are only partly responsible for OMW's phytotoxicity. Laccase production was highly correlated with all three biodegradation parameters for H. croceus, Ph. chrysosporium, and Pleurotus spp., and so were manganese-independent and manganese dependent peroxidases for A. biennis and I. lacteus. Monitoring of enzymes with respect to biomass production indicated that Pleurotus spp., H. croceus, and Ph. chrysosporium shared common patterns for all three activities. Moreover, generation of enzymes at the early biodegradation stages enhanced the efficiency of OMW treatment.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Mycelium linear growth rates (K r, mm day−1) on PDA as measured at different temperatures (°C) for selected indicative cases of macrofungi examined (i.e., A. biennis ABL436, H. croceus HCC522, I. lacteus ILC238, Ph. chrysosporium PHL322, and P. djamor PDC855).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Enzyme activities (U L−1) for laccase (a), manganese peroxidase, (b) and manganese-independent peroxidase (c) exhibited on OMW-based media (25% v/v in water) by eight selected macrofungi during a growth period of 20 to 30 days and in five different time points (T 1 to T 5) as follows: 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 days for H. croceus HCC522 and Ph. chrysosporium PHL322; 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 days for A. biennis ABL436, G. carnosum GCL448, H. erinaceus HEL801, and I. lacteus ILC238; 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 days for P. djamor PDC855 and P. pulmonarius PPL111.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Coefficient of determination (r 2) values for OMW decolorization and total phenolics reduction versus the laccase activities presented by the eight selected macrofungi as calculated from the respective data obtained at five time points (T 1 to T 5) during their entire growth period.
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