Achromatopsia: case presentation and literature review emphasising the value of spectral domain optical coherence tomography

Abstract

A literature review and case presentation are used to discuss the diagnostic value of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in the assessment and management of congenital achromatopsia. A 24-year-old Hispanic man presented to the clinic with a longstanding history of decreased vision and associated possible recent progression. A comprehensive eye examination and a battery of tests including SD-OCT, fundus photography, electroretinogram (ERG) and Farnsworth D-15 were completed. SD-OCT and photopic ERG confirmed the clinical diagnosis of congenital achromatopsia. There was the classic subfoveal flattened hyporeflective 'punched out' zone, resulting from an absence of inner segment/outer segment junction. SD-OCT findings associated with congenital achromatopsia have been documented recently, helping in the diagnosis of the condition. The SD-OCT findings have further expanded our knowledge of congenital achromatopsia, while also aiding in the management of the disease.

Keywords: achromatopsia; cone dystrophy; congenital; optical coherence tomography; rod monochromat.