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. 1992 Oct 1;216(4):3-10.

The Future of Xenotransplantation

Thomas E Starzl  1
Affiliations

The Future of Xenotransplantation

Thomas E Starzl. Ann Surg. .
No abstract available

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
For molecular detection of chimerism in the rat tissues after xenotransplantation of hamster hearts or livers, 1 μg of genomic DNA extracted from each tissue was polymerase chain reaction amplified for 30 cycles with hamster-specific oligonucleotides. One fifth of the volume of each reaction was size separated on an agarose gel, transferred on a nylon membrane (hybond–N+, Amersham, Arlington Heights, IL), and probed with a hamster hypoxanbne phosphoribosyltransferase exon 9 probe. The experiments were performed by Drs. Noriko Murase and Luis Valdivia, and the polymerase chain reaction examinations were done by Drs. Massimo Trucco and Roberto Giorda. S, spleen; mL, mesenteric lymph node; cL, cervical lymph node; T, thymus; H, heart; Sk, skin. Rats 1, 17, 18, 46, 198, and 238 received hamster livers 104 to 141 days previously; rats 19, 24, and 31 received hearts 111 to 135 days earlier.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Schematic view of the kind of chimerism that is documented in Figure 1. We believe that this mixed chimerism is necessary for either allograft or xenograft acceptance.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Course of the patient after receipt of baboon liver. PGE, prostaglandin E; SN, solumedrol (methylprednisolone).
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Transhepatic cholangiogram on postoperative day 6, several minutes after the injection of 5 mL dye. Although the initial reading was normal, with no obvious obstruction at the anastomosis (lower arrow), note the fullness of the duct system and the irregularity of the sludge-filled peripheral ducts (upper arrows). At autopsy 10 days later, the duct system was found to be filled with inspissated sludge.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Xenograft biopsy at 65 days, 5 days before death. There was absence of rejection. The dominant finding was cholestasis. (A, top) A bile lake occupies the central part of the field. Note the absence of most of the epithelium. (B, bottom) Intrahepatic ducts showing discontinuity of epithelium at sites of rupture. H&E, original magnification ×250.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
The nature of chimerism 70 days after clinical xenotransplantation.
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