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. 2014 Sep;158(1-3):52-7.
doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.06.024. Epub 2014 Jul 5.

Motivational deficits in individuals at-risk for psychosis and across the course of schizophrenia

Danielle A Schlosser  1 , Melissa Fisher  2 , David Gard  3 , Daniel Fulford  4 , Rachel L Loewy  5 , Sophia Vinogradov  2
Affiliations

Motivational deficits in individuals at-risk for psychosis and across the course of schizophrenia

Danielle A Schlosser et al. Schizophr Res. 2014 Sep.

Abstract

Motivational impairment is a critical factor that contributes to functional disability in schizophrenia and undermines an individual's ability to engage in and adhere to effective treatment. However, little is known about the developmental trajectory of deficits in motivation and whether these deficits are present prior to the onset of psychosis. We assessed several components of motivation including anticipatory versus consummatory pleasure (using the Temporal Experience of Pleasure Scale (TEPS)), and behavioral drive, behavioral inhibition, and reward responsivity (using the Behavioral Inhibition Scale/Behavioral Activation Scale (BIS/BAS)). A total of 234 participants completed study measures, including 60 clinical high risk (CHR) participants, 60 recent-onset schizophrenia participants (RO), 78 chronic schizophrenia participants (SZ) and 29 healthy controls (HC) age matched to the CHR group. CHR participants endorsed greater deficits in anticipatory pleasure and reward responsivity, relative to HC comparison participants and individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. Motivational deficits were not more pronounced over the course of illness. Depressed mood was uniquely associated with impairments in motivation in the CHR sample, but not the schizophrenia participants. The results suggest that CHR individuals experience multiple contributors to impaired motivation, and thus multiple leverage points for treatment.

Keywords: Anticipatory Pleasure; Avolition; Duration of illness; Motivation; Psychosis; Reward; Schizophrenia.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest

We wish to confirm that there are no known conflicts of interest associated with this publication and there has been no significant financial support for this work that could have influenced its outcome.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Between group differences of anticipatory and consummatory pleasure Note. *p<.05. CHR participants endorsed significantly less anticipatory and consummatory pleasure, relative to the HC, RO, and SZ samples.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Within-group differences in anticipatory and consummatory pleasure Note: + p=.07; *p<.05 Anticipatory pleasure was significantly lower in RO and SZ participants relative to consummatory pleasures. This difference was at trend level in CHR participants.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Between group differences in behavioral drive and reward responsivity Note. **p<.01, *p<.05. CHR endorsed significantly less drive relative to RO and SZ, and were significantly less responsive to reward relative to HC, RO, and SZ participants.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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