[Gastrointestinal amyloidosis in a patient with multiple myeloma]

Abstract

Background: Gastrointestinal amyloidosis is characterized by deposition of amyloid in the gastrointestinal mucosa. This can cause an increased risk of malabsorption, obstruction, gastrointestinal bleeding and perforations.

Case description: A 52-year-old male presented with rectal bleeding. Endoscopic evaluation revealed non-specific red and purple lesions in the sigmoid colon. Histological results were inconclusive. Six weeks later this patient presented at the emergency room with an intestinal perforation. He also had newly developed renal insufficiency. Further analysis led to the diagnosis of multiple myeloma. After 3 doses of bortezomib and dexamethasone the patient was admitted with abdominal pain and rectal bleeding. Revision of our earlier sigmoid biopsies revealed gastrointestinal amyloidosis. The patient died 4 months after initial presentation.

Conclusion: Gastrointestinal amyloidosis is a rare disease. Due to non-specific symptoms, diagnosis can easily be missed in patients who have not been diagnosed previously with amyloidosis or a related disease.