Review
Toxicity Testing: Strategies to Determine Needs and Priorities
Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1984.
- PMID: 25032410
- Bookshelf ID: NBK216563
- DOI: 10.17226/317
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Review
Toxicity Testing: Strategies to Determine Needs and Priorities
Excerpt
Prepared at the request of the National Toxicology Program, this landmark report reveals that many chemicals used in pesticides, cosmetics, drugs, food, and commerce have not been sufficiently tested to allow a complete determination of their potential hazards. Given the vast number of chemical substances to which humans are exposed, the authors use a model to show how research priorities for toxicity testing can be set.
Copyright © National Academy of Sciences.
Sections
- STEERING COMMITTEE ON IDENTIFICATION OF TOXIC AND POTENTIALLY TOXIC CHEMICALS FOR CONSIDERATION BY THE NATIONAL TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM
- COMMITTEE ON STATISTICAL SAMPLING METHODS (Committee on Sampling Strategies)
- COMMITTEE ON CHARACTERIZATION OF STATUS OF TOXICITY DATA ELEMENTS FOR A SELECT UNIVERSE OF COMPOUNDS (Committee on Toxicity Data Elements)
- COMMITTEE ON RESEARCH OF AGENTS POTENTIALLY HAZARDOUS TO HUMAN HEALTH (Committee on Priority Mechanisms)
- BOARD ON TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH HAZARDS
- PREFACE
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- INTRODUCTION
-
PART 1. TOXICITY-TESTING NEEDS IN THE SELECT UNIVERSE
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Sample Selection
- 3. Operating Policies for Identification, Acquisition, and Organization of Data
- 4. Data Evaluation
- 5. Results
- 6. Summary and Conclusions
- References
- Appendix A Sample of 675 Substances and Subsample of 100 Substances from the ''Select Universe''
- Appendix B Testing for Various Situations of Chemical Use and General Exposure to Direct and Indirect and Indirect Food Additives (Legend of symbols and reference notations follows )
- Appendix C Testing for Various Situations of Chemical Use and General Exposure to Oral or Parenteral Drugs or Color Additives for Sutures (Legend for symbols and reference notations follows )
- Appendix D Testing for Various Situations of Chemical Use and General Exposure to Inhalation and Veterinary Drugs (Legend of symbols and reference notations follows )
- Appendix E Testing for Various Situations of Chemical Use and General Exposure to Cosmetics and Dermal, Vaginal-Rectal, Over-the-Counter, and Ophthalmic Drugs (Legend of symbols and reference rotations follows )
- Appendix F Testing for Various Situations of Chemical Use and General Exposure to Pesticides (Legend of symbols and reference notations follows )
- Appendix G Testing for Various Situations of Chemical Use and General Exposure to Other Marketable Chemicals (Legend of symbols and reference notations follows )
- Appendix H Reference Protocols for Toxicity Testing
- Appendix I Reference Protocol Guidelines for Neurobehavioral-Toxicity Tests
- Appendix J Reference Protocol Guidelines for Genetic-Toxicity Tests
- Appendix K Conceptual Issues Concerning the Interpretation of Results of Studies of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity
- Appendix L Major Components of A Dossier
- Appendix M Procedures, Rationale, and Results of Data Identification and Acquisition
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PART 2. SETTING PRIORITIES FOR TOXICITY TESTING
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Decision of the Priority-Setting System
- 3. Briefly Following a Chemical Through an Illustrative System
- 4. Detailed Description of the Operation of an Illustrative System
- 5. Future Development, Implementation, and Refinement of the System
- 6. Conclusions and Recommendations
- References
- Appendix A Review of Selected Priority-Setting Systems
- Appendix B Mathematical Modeling of the Priority-Setting Process and Resulting Decision Rules
- Appendix C Expert Judgment and the Treatment of Uncertainty
- Appendix D The Analysis of Structure-Activity Relationships in Selecting Potentially Toxic Compounds for Testing
- Appendix E Costs of Misclassification
- Appendix F Differences Between Part 1 and Part 2
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