Cutaneous adverse events in patients treated with BRAF inhibitor-based therapies for metastatic melanoma for longer than 52 weeks

Abstract

Background: BRAF inhibitor-based therapies have been shown to induce cutaneous toxicities, with onset generally in the first 8-26 weeks of therapy.

Objectives: To determine whether cutaneous toxicities persist in patients who have remained on BRAF inhibitor-based therapies for longer than 52 weeks, and therefore whether ongoing dermatology assessment is required.

Methods: All patients treated with the BRAF inhibitors vemurafenib or dabrafenib or combination BRAF inhibitor and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor therapy at Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia underwent regular dermatological assessments for the duration of therapy. All patients enrolled in a clinical trial, and 18% of patients in the compassionate access scheme underwent a baseline assessment prior to commencement of therapy and every 4-8 weeks thereafter. Patients' adverse events were recorded in a specific database.

Results: Patients continued to develop cutaneous adverse events after 52 weeks of continuous therapy. Patients on single-agent BRAF inhibitor therapy suffered from Grover disease (45%), plantar hyperkeratosis (45%), verrucal keratosis (18%) and even cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (16%). The most frequent adverse event seen in patients in the combination BRAF and MEK inhibitor group was an acneiform eruption (40%).

Conclusions: Patients on BRAF inhibitor-based therapies need to continue to have regular dermatological follow-up independent of the duration of their therapy.