Trends in gynecologic cancer mortality in East Asian regions

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate uterine and ovarian cancer mortality trends in East Asian countries.

Methods: For three Asian countries and one region (Japan, Korea, Singapore, and Hong Kong), we extracted number of deaths for each year from the World Health Organization (WHO) mortality database, focusing on women ≥20 years old. The WHO population data were used to estimate person-years at risk for women. The annual age-standardized, truncated rates were evaluated for four age groups. We also compared age-specific mortality rates during three calendar periods (1979 to 1988, 1989 to 1998, and 1999 to 2010). Joinpoint regression was used to determine secular trends in mortality. To obtain cervical and uterine corpus cancer mortality rates in Korea, we re-allocated the cases with uterine cancer of unspecified subsite according to the proportion in the National Cancer Incidence Databases.

Results: Overall, uterine cancer mortality has decreased in each of the Asian regions. In Korea, corrected cervical cancer mortality has declined since 1993, at an annual percentage change (APC) of -4.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], -5.3 to -4.4). On the other hand, corrected uterine corpus cancer mortality has abruptly increased since 1995 (APC, 6.7; 95% CI, 5.4 to 8.0). Ovarian cancer mortality was stable, except in Korea, where mortality rates steadily increased at an APC of 6.2% (95% CI, 3.4 to 9.0) during 1995 to 2000, and subsequently stabilized.

Conclusion: Although uterine cancer mortality rates are declining in East Asia, additional effort is warranted to reduce the burden of gynecologic cancer in the future, through the implementation of early detection programs and the use of optimal therapeutic strategies.

Keywords: Mortality; Ovarian neoplasms; Time trends; Uterine neoplasms.

Fig. 1

Trends in uterine^* and ovarian cancer mortality rates (age-standardized, women ≥20 years) obtained by joinpoint regression for 4 female Asian populations. (A) Uterine cancer. (B) Ovarian cancer. ^*Uterine cancer includes cervix uteri (International Statistical Classification of Disease and Related Health Problems, 10th revision [ICD-10] code C53); corpus uteri (ICD-10 code C54); and uterus, unspecified (ICD-10 code C55).

Fig. 2

Uterine and ovarian cancer mortality by age group, period, and region. (A) Uterine cancer. (B) Ovarian cancer. ^*Uterine cancer includes cervix uteri (International Statistical Classification of Disease and Related Health Problems, 10th revision [ICD-10] code C53); corpus uteri (ICD-10 code C54); and uterus, unspecified (ICD-10 code C55).

Fig. 3

Corrected trends in cervical and uterine corpus cancer mortality in Korea (age-standardized, women ≥20 years) obtained by joinpoint regression. (A) Cervix. (B) Corpus uteri.