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. 2014:2014:161346.
doi: 10.1155/2014/161346. Epub 2014 Jun 26.

Molecular mechanisms of curcumin on diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunctions: Txnip, ICAM-1, and NOX2 expressions

Natchaya Wongeakin  1 , Parvapan Bhattarakosol  2 , Suthiluk Patumraj  1
Affiliations

Molecular mechanisms of curcumin on diabetes-induced endothelial dysfunctions: Txnip, ICAM-1, and NOX2 expressions

Natchaya Wongeakin et al. Biomed Res Int. 2014.

Abstract

We aim to investigate the effects of curcumin on preventing diabetes-induced vascular inflammation in association with its actions on Txnip, ICAM-1, and NOX2 enzyme expressions. Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (CON), diabetic (DM; streptozotocin (STZ), i.v. 55 mg/kg BW), control-treated with curcumin (CONCUR; 300 mg/kg BW), and diabetes treated with curcumin (DMCUR; 300 mg/kg BW). 12th week after STZ injection, iris blood perfusion, leukocyte adhesion, Txnip, p47phox, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined by using laser Doppler, intravital fluorescent confocal microscopy, Western Blot analysis, and TBAR assay, respectively. The iris blood perfusion of DM and DMCUR was decreased significantly compared to CON and CONCUR (P < 0.001). Plasma glucose and HbA1c of DM and DMCUR were increased significantly compared to CON and CONCUR (P < 0.001). Leukocyte adhesion, ICAM-1, p47phox expression, and MDA levels in DM were increased significantly compared to CON, CONCUR, and DMCUR (P < 0.05). Txnip expression in DM and DMCUR was significantly higher than CON and CONCUR (P < 0.05). From Pearson's analysis, the correlation between the plasma MDA level and the endothelial functions was significant. It suggested that curcumin could ameliorate diabetic vascular inflammation by decreasing ROS overproduction, reducing leukocyte-endothelium interaction, and inhibiting ICAM-1 and NOX2 expression.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The effects of curcumin on mean regional iris blood perfusion in each group. Control = CON, control treated with curcumin = CONCUR; curcumin 300 mg/kg BW, started at 10 days after STZ injection, diabetic = DM; streptozotocin (STZ), i.v. 55 mg/kg BW, diabetes treated with curcumin = DMCUR; curcumin 300 mg/kg BW. Data are means ± SEM (n = 6 for each group).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Intravital microscopic demonstration of leukocyte adhesion in the postcapillary venule of iris in CON group (a), CONCUR group (b), DM group (c), and DMCUR group (d). White dots represent leukocyte stained by rhodamine-6G i.v. injection. (Scale bar represents 100 μm.)
Figure 3
Figure 3
The effects of curcumin on leukocyte-endothelium interaction. Data are means ± SEM (n = 5 for each group). Control = CON, control treated with curcumin = CONCUR; curcumin 300 mg/kg BW, started at 10 days after STZ injection, diabetic = DM; streptozotocin (STZ), i.v. 55 mg/kg BW, diabetes treated with curcumin = DMCUR; curcumin 300 mg/kg BW.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The effects of curcumin on fundus MDA level. Control = CON, control treated with curcumin = CONCUR; curcumin 300 mg/kg BW, started at 10 days after STZ injection, diabetic = DM; streptozotocin (STZ), i.v. 55 mg/kg BW, diabetes treated with curcumin = DMCUR; curcumin 300 mg/kg BW. Data are means ± SEM (n = 5 for each group).
Figure 5
Figure 5
The effect of curcumin on Txnip expression. Control = CON, control treated with curcumin = CONCUR; curcumin 300 mg/kg BW, started at 10 days after STZ injection, diabetic = DM; streptozotocin (STZ), i.v. 55 mg/kg BW, diabetes treated with curcumin = DMCUR; curcumin 300 mg/kg BW. Data are means ± SEM (CON and DMCUR groups; n = 5, CONCUR and DM groups; n = 6).
Figure 6
Figure 6
The effect of curcumin on ICAM-1 expression. Control = CON, control treated with curcumin = CONCUR; curcumin 300 mg/kg BW, started at 10 days after STZ injection, diabetic = DM; streptozotocin (STZ), i.v. 55 mg/kg BW, diabetes treated with curcumin = DMCUR; curcumin 300 mg/kg BW. Data are means ± SEM (n = 4).
Figure 7
Figure 7
The effect of curcumin on p47phox expression. Control = CON, control treated with curcumin = CONCUR; curcumin 300 mg/kg BW, started at 10 days after STZ injection, diabetic = DM; streptozotocin (STZ), i.v. 55 mg/kg BW, diabetes treated with curcumin = DMCUR; curcumin 300 mg/kg BW. Data are means ± SEM (CON, CONCUR, and DM groups; n = 5, and DMCUR group; n = 4).
Figure 8
Figure 8
The association between the biochemical and functional data parameters was analyzed by using two-tailed Pearson's correlation analysis with P < 0.05 being considered statistically significant.
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