Effects of diltiazem and isosorbide-5-mononitrate, alone and in combination, on patients with stable angina pectoris

Abstract

The anti-anginal effect of sustained release diltiazem, isosorbide-5-mononitrate (IS-5-MN) and their combination has been evaluated in 25 patients in 4 blinded treatment periods of 2 weeks each. The number of anginal attacks during each treatment period was reduced from a mean of 23 during placebo to 15 during diltiazem and 15 during combination therapy, but it was not significantly changed after IS-5-MN-20. A similar pattern was seen for nitroglycerin consumption and number of angina-free days. Maximal exercise capacity was also significantly improved following diltiazem and the drug combination, and it was not changed after IS-5-MN. ST segment depression was less pronounced after diltiazem and the combination compared to IS-5-MN. There was no difference in exercise capacity or ST segment change between diltiazem and the combination. The PR interval was slightly prolonged after diltiazem, but this was of no clinical importance. Adverse effects of diltiazem treatment were rare. Headache was common following IS-5-MN (13 patients) and the combination (11 patients). Thus, sustained-release diltiazem was of value in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris, whereas IS-5-MN was not effective, either as a single therapy or in combination with diltiazem. The reason for the inefficacy of IS-5-MN is not known, but the development of tolerance and an inadequate dose are possible explanations.