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. 2014 Jul 7;2(7):1649-1655.
doi: 10.1021/sc500106y. Epub 2014 Jun 10.

Impedance Biosensors: Applications to Sustainability and Remaining Technical Challenges

Rajeswaran Radhakrishnan  1 , Ian I Suni  2 , Candace S Bever  3 , Bruce D Hammock  3
Affiliations

Impedance Biosensors: Applications to Sustainability and Remaining Technical Challenges

Rajeswaran Radhakrishnan et al. ACS Sustain Chem Eng. .

Abstract

Due to their all-electrical nature, impedance biosensors have significant potential for use as simple and portable sensors for environmental studies and environmental monitoring. Detection of two endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC), norfluoxetine and BDE-47, is reported here by impedance biosensing, with a detection limit of 8.5 and 1.3 ng/mL for norfluoxetine and BDE-47, respectively. Although impedance biosensors have been widely studied in the academic literature, commercial applications have been hindered by several technical limitations, including possible limitations to small analytes, the complexity of impedance detection, susceptibility to nonspecific adsorption, and stability of biomolecule immobilization. Recent research into methods to overcome these obstacles is briefly reviewed. New results demonstrating antibody regeneration atop degenerate (highly doped) Si are also reported. Using 0.2 M KSCN and 10 mM HF for antibody regeneration, peanut protein Ara h 1 is detected daily during a 30 day trial.

Keywords: Biosensors; Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; Endocrine-disrupting chemicals; Nanotechnology; Sustainability.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Nyquist plot of the interfacial impedance of the antibody-coated electrode after exposure to norfluoxetine.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Randles equivalent circuit, with the differential capacitance (Cd) replaced with the constant phase element (CPE).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Variation of charge transfer resistance (Rct) with norfluoxetine concentration.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Nyquist plot of the interfacial impedance of the antibody-coated electrode after exposure to BDE-147.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Cyclic voltammograms of antibody-coated electrode exposed to increasing concentrations of BDE-47.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Nyquist plot of the impedance response of (A) the BDE-47 antibody-coated coated electrode after exposure to the Norfluoxetine, and (B) Norfluoxetine antibody-coated electrode after exposure to the BDE-47.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Nyquist plot of the interfacial impedance for the regeneration of Si electrode for 30 days. Test solution contains 50 mM PBS and 5 mM K3Fe(CN)6/K4Fe(CN)6 at pH 7.3.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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