Birth of identity: understanding changes to birth certificates and their value for identity resolution

Abstract

Introduction: Identity information is often used to link records within or among information systems in public health and clinical settings. The quality and stability of birth certificate identifiers impacts both the success of linkage efforts and the value of birth certificate registries for identity resolution.

Objective: Our objectives were to describe: (1) the frequency and cause of changes to birth certificate identifiers as children age, and (2) the frequency of events (ie, adoptions, paternities, amendments) that may trigger changes and their impact on names.

Methods: We obtained two de-identified datasets from the Utah birth certificate registry: (1) change history from 2000 to 2012, and (2) occurrences for adoptions, paternities, and amendments among births in 1987 and 2000. We conducted cohort analyses for births in 1987 and 2000, examining the number, reason, and extent of changes over time. We conducted cross-sectional analyses to assess the patterns of changes between 2000 and 2012.

Results: In a cohort of 48 350 individuals born in 2000 in Utah, 3164 (6.5%) experienced a change in identifiers prior to their 13th birthday, with most changes occurring before 2 years of age. Cross-sectional analysis showed that identifiers are stable for individuals over 5 years of age, but patterns of changes fluctuate considerably over time, potentially due to policy and social factors.

Conclusions: Identities represented in birth certificates change over time. Specific events that cause changes to birth certificates also fluctuate over time. Understanding these changes can help in the development of automated strategies to improve identity resolution.

Keywords: birth certificates; medical record linkage; public health.

Figure 1:

Three tiers of identity with examples.

Figure 2:

Rate of name changes due to amendments, adoptions, and paternities by year of change and age group of the child, recorded on birth certificates between 2000 and 2012 for births occurring in any year (n = 2 589 265 births from 1905 to 2012).

Figure 3:

Frequency of changes to identity information, by field changed and type of change event for changes to a Utah birth certificate in 2010 for births in any prior year (n = 2 589 265 births between 1905 and 2012). DOB, date of birth. Last, middle, first indicate last, middle, and first names.