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. 2015 Jan;35(1):29-42.
doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000256.

Fundus changes in central retinal vein occlusion

Sohan Singh Hayreh  1 , M Bridget Zimmerman
Affiliations

Fundus changes in central retinal vein occlusion

Sohan Singh Hayreh et al. Retina. 2015 Jan.

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate systematically the retinal and optic disk changes in central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and their natural history.

Methods: This study comprised 562 consecutive patients with CRVO (492 nonischemic [NI-CRVO] and 89 ischemic CRVO [I-CRVO] eyes) seen within 3 months of onset. Ophthalmic evaluation at initial and follow-up visits included recording visual acuity, visual fields, and detailed anterior segment and fundus examinations and fluorescein fundus angiography.

Results: Retinal and subinternal limiting membrane hemorrhages and optic disk edema in I-CRVO were initially more marked (P < 0.0001) and took longer to resolve (P < 0.015) than that in NI-CRVO. Initially, macular edema was more marked in I-CRVO than that in NI-CRVO (P < 0.0001) but did not significantly differ in resolution time (P = 0.238). Macular retinal epithelial pigment degeneration, serous macular detachment, and retinal perivenous sheathing developed at a higher rate in I-CRVO than that in NI-CRVO (P < 0.0001). Ischemic CRVO had more retinal venous engorgement than NI-CRVO (P = 0.003). Fluorescein fundus angiography showed significantly more fluorescein leakage, retinal capillary dilatation, capillary obliteration, and broken capillary foveal arcade (P < 0.0001) in I-CRVO than NI-CRVO. Resolution time of CRVO was longer for I-CRVO than NI-CRVO (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion: Characteristics and natural history of fundus findings in the two types of CRVO are different.

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Conflict of interest statement

Authors have no financial interest or conflict.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Kaplan-Meier curves for the resolution of retinal hemorrhage in different part of the retina in non-ischemic CRVO.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Kaplan-Meier curves for the resolution of retinal hemorrhage in different part of the retina in ischemic CRVO.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Kaplan-Meier curves for the resolution of non-ischemic and ischemic CRVOs.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Fundus photograph of left with ischemic CRVO. It shows macular retinal ischemic opacity, scattered retinal hemorrhages and engorged retinal veins.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Fundus photograph (A) and fluorescein angiogram (B) of left with non-ischemic CRVO 4 days after onset of visual complaint. A. This compost fundus photograph shows extensive perivenous sheathing, optic disc edema, macular edema and scattered retinal hemorrhages. . B. Late phase of fluorescein angiography showing marked perivenous staining due to fluorescein leakage.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Fundus photograph (A) and fluorescein angiogram (B) of left with non-ischemic CRVO 4 days after onset of visual complaint. A. This compost fundus photograph shows extensive perivenous sheathing, optic disc edema, macular edema and scattered retinal hemorrhages. . B. Late phase of fluorescein angiography showing marked perivenous staining due to fluorescein leakage.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Fundus photograph of a resolved non-ischemic CRVO right eye. It shows retinociliary collaterals on the optic disc, macular retinal pigmentary degeneration and engorged tortous retinal veins.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
Fundus photograph of a resolved non-ischemic CRVO right eye. It shows engorged tortuous retinal veins, perivenous sheathing and macular pigmentary degeneration.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
Fluorescein fundus angiogram of a right eye with resolved non-ischemic CRVO. It shows macular aneurysms.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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