Immunogenicity of a three dose and five dose oral human rotavirus vaccine (RIX4414) schedule in south Indian infants

Abstract

Aim: This study was undertaken to compare the immunogenicity of a three dose and five dose schedule of an oral live-attenuated human rotavirus vaccine, Rotarix in south Indian infants.

Method: Healthy infants (N=90), six to seven weeks of age were enrolled to receive three doses (n=45) or five doses of Rotarix vaccine (n=45) along with other scheduled vaccines, each dose separated by a four week interval. Blood samples were taken before vaccination and one month post-dose three in the Rotarix three dose group and one month post-dose five in the Rotarix five dose group; all were tested for anti-rotavirus IgA by an antibody sandwich enzyme immunoassay.

Results: At baseline, >50% of infants had >20 units of anti-rotavirus IgA. The seroconversion rates after three and five doses were low and not significantly different in the two groups. However, among vaccine responders, children seropositive at baseline showed a much greater absolute increase in IgA antibody levels than children seronegative at baseline.

Conclusions: Rotarix vaccine showed low immunogenicity in south Indian children and increasing the number of doses did not increase the proportion of infants seroconverting after vaccination.

Keywords: Immunogenicity; India; Rotavirus vaccine.