Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adult male cigarettes smokers: a community-based study in Jordan
- PMID: 25092972
- PMCID: PMC4113569
- DOI: 10.2147/COPD.S62898
Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adult male cigarettes smokers: a community-based study in Jordan
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The prevalence of COPD among cigarette smokers in the Middle East is not well studied. A prospective descriptive study was performed in the north of Jordan. Male cigarette smokers (≥ 10 pack-year) aged 35 years and older were recruited from the community. They completed a questionnaire and a postbronchodilator spirometry. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) criteria (postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second <70%) was used to define COPD. A total of 512 subjects completed the study protocol. According to the GOLD criteria, 42 subjects (8.2%) had COPD. Of those, 27 subjects (64.3%) had symptomatic COPD. Using the GOLD criteria, eight subjects (19%) with COPD had mild disease, 24 (57.1%) had moderate disease, eight (19%) had severe disease, and two (4.8%) had very severe disease. Only 10.6% were aware of COPD as a smoking-related respiratory illness, and 6.4% had received counseling about risk for COPD by a physician. Chronic bronchitis (cough for 3 months in 2 consecutive years) was reported by 15% of the subjects, wheezes by 44.1%, and dyspnea by 65.2%. Subjects with COPD reported having more chronic bronchitis 18/42 (42.9%) and wheezing 28/42 (66.7%) than subjects without COPD. The prevalence of COPD increased with increased number of pack-years smoked. In conclusion, COPD prevalence among cigarette-smoking men in Jordan is lower than in the developed world. COPD was largely underdiagnosed, despite the majority of participants being symptomatic and having moderate to severe disease.
Keywords: COPD; GOLD; Jordan; chronic bronchitis; smoking; spirometry.
References
-
- Mannino DM, Buist AS. Global burden of COPD: risk factors, prevalence, and future trends. Lancet. 2007;370(9589):765–773. - PubMed
-
- Lopez AD, Shibuya K, Rao C, et al. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: current burden and future projections. Eur Respir J. 2006;27(2):397–412. - PubMed
-
- Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; Workshop Report; 2009. [Accessed on February 22, 2014]. Available from: http://www.goldcopd.org/guidelines-global-strategy-for-diagnosis-managem....
-
- Yawn BP, Keenan JM. COPD – the primary care perspective: addressing epidemiology, pathology, diagnosis, treatment of smoking’s multiple morbidities and the patient’s perspective. COPD. 2007;4(1):67–83. - PubMed
-
- Teramoto S. 1. COPD pathogenesis from the viewpoint of risk factors. Intern Med. 2007;46(2):77–79. - PubMed
MeSH terms
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Other Literature Sources
Medical