Stimulus and listener factors affecting age-related changes in competing speech perception

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine associations among hearing thresholds, cognitive ability, and speech understanding in adverse listening conditions within and between groups of younger, middle-aged, and older adults. Participants repeated back sentences played in the presence of several types of maskers (syntactically similar and syntactically different competing speech from one or two other talkers, and steady-state speech-shaped noise). They also completed tests of auditory short-term/working memory, processing speed, and inhibitory ability. Results showed that group differences in accuracy of word identification and in error patterns differed depending upon the number of masking voices; specifically, older and middle-aged individuals had particular difficulty, relative to younger subjects, in the presence of a single competing message. However, the effect of syntactic similarity was consistent across subject groups. Hearing loss, short-term memory, processing speed, and inhibitory ability were each related to some aspects of performance by the middle-aged and older participants. Notably, substantial age-related changes in speech recognition were apparent within the group of middle-aged listeners.

FIG. 1.

Composite audiograms for the older (upper panel) and middle-aged (lower panel) participants (right ear thresholds, closed circle; left ear thresholds, “×”). Lines represent the upper and lower bounds of measured thresholds.

FIG. 2.

Percent-correct performance measured in the presence of each type of masker. Error bars represent 1 standard error.

FIG. 3.

Difference in percent-correct performance between one and two maskers, averaged across SNR. Error bars represent 1 standard error.

FIG. 4.

Percentage of all participant responses in the TVM masking conditions that were words from a masker rather than from the target utterance. Error bars represent 1 standard error.

FIG. 5.

Percentage of all participant responses in the TVM masking conditions (averaged across SNR) that were masker approximations (typically, lexical neighbors of a word in the masker). Error bars represent 1 standard error.