From cancer screening to treatment: service delivery and referral in the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program

Abstract

The National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP) provides breast and cervical cancer screening and diagnostic services to low-income and underserved women through a network of providers and health care organizations. Although the program serves women 40-64 years old for breast cancer screening and 21-64 years old for cervical cancer screening, the priority populations are women 50-64 years old for breast cancer and women who have never or rarely been screened for cervical cancer. From 1991 through 2011, the NBCCEDP provided screening and diagnostic services to more than 4.3 million women, diagnosing 54,276 breast cancers, 2554 cervical cancers, and 123,563 precancerous cervical lesions. A critical component of providing screening services is to ensure that all women with abnormal screening results receive appropriate and timely diagnostic evaluations. Case management is provided to assist women with overcoming barriers that would delay or prevent follow-up care. Women diagnosed with cancer receive treatment through the states' Breast and Cervical Cancer Treatment Programs (a special waiver for Medicaid) if they are eligible. The NBCCEDP has performance measures that serve as benchmarks to monitor the completeness and timeliness of care. More than 90% of the women receive complete diagnostic care and initiate treatment less than 30 days from the time of their diagnosis. Provision of effective screening and diagnostic services depends on effective program management, networks of providers throughout the community, and the use of evidence-based knowledge, procedures, and technologies.

Keywords: breast cancer; case management; cervical cancer; early detection; screening.

Figure 1

Number of women served through the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program by year, 1991-2011.

Figure 2

Total number of mammograms and Pap tests provided by the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program by year, 1991-2011.

Figure 3

Total number of breast cancers, cervical cancers, and cervical precancers detected by the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program by year, 1991-2011.