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Review
. 2014 Jun-Jul;22(3):660-5.

Non-AIDS-defining cancers

Ronald T Mitsuyasu  1
Affiliations
Review

Non-AIDS-defining cancers

Ronald T Mitsuyasu. Top Antivir Med. 2014 Jun-Jul.

Abstract

As HIV-infected patients are living longer, non-AIDS-defining cancers are increasing in number and now constitute the majority of cancers diagnosed in the HIV-infected population. The excess incidence of Hodgkin lymphoma and head and neck and liver cancers has been increasing among HIV-infected individuals. Breast and lung cancers appear to occur earlier in the HIV-infected population; Hodgkin lymphoma appears to have a later onset, reflecting the fact that most cases in the HIV-infected population are related to Epstein-Barr virus infection, which is generally seen in older rather than younger individuals. Mortality from Hodgkin lymphoma and lung and prostate cancers is higher among HIV-infected individuals than HIV-uninfected individuals. The greater risk of cancer in the HIV-infected population may be due to a number of factors, including more rapid immunosenescence. At a minimum, age- and sex-appropriate cancer screenings should be performed in all HIV-infected patients, and patients should be counseled on measures to reduce cancer risk. This article summarizes a presentation by Ronald T. Mitsuyasu, MD, at the IAS-USA continuing education program held in San Francisco, California, in March 2013.

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Conflict of interest statement

Financial affiliations in the past 12 months: Dr Mitsuyasu has received grants or research support from Bionor Immuno, Calimmune, Janssen Therapeutics, and Sangamo Biosciences and travel support from Merck & Co, Inc. He has served as an advisory consultant for Merck & Co, Inc, and EMD Serono and owns stock in Amgen.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Number and incidence rates of AIDS-defining cancers (ADCs) and non–AIDS-defining cancers (NADCs) in the United States, 1991 to 2005. Adapted from Shiels et al.1
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Observed and expected cases of cancer, by age, in the HIV-infected and general populations in the United States, 1996 to 2007. Expected cases in the general population are modeled to match the age distribution of the HIV-infected population. Adapted from Shiels et al.3
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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    1. Engels EA, Biggar RJ, Hall HI, et al. Cancer risk in people infected with human immunodeficiency virus in the United States. Int J Cancer. 2008;123(1): 187-194. - PubMed
    1. Shiels MS, Pfeiffer RM, Engels EA. Age at cancer diagnosis among persons with AIDS in the United States. Ann Intern Med. 2010;153(7):452-460. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Silverberg MJ, Chao CR, Leyden W, et al. Cancer stage, age at diagnosis and survival comparing HIV(+) and HIV(-) individuals with common non–AIDS-defining cancers [Abstract 903]. 19th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) March 5-8, 2012; Seattle, Washington.
    1. National Cancer Institute. Collecting and Studying Tissue Samples From Patients With HIV-Associated Malignancies. http://www.cancer.gov/clinicaltrials/search/view?cdrid=729843&version=He.... Accessed on February 11, 2014.