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. 2014 Aug 7;8(8):e3019.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003019. eCollection 2014 Aug.

Chronic kidney disease epidemic in Central America: urgent public health action is needed amid causal uncertainty

Pedro Ordunez  1 , Ramón Martinez  1 , Ludovic Reveiz  1 , Evelina Chapman  1 , Carla Saenz  1 , Agnes Soares da Silva  1 , Francisco Becerra  1
Affiliations

Chronic kidney disease epidemic in Central America: urgent public health action is needed amid causal uncertainty

Pedro Ordunez et al. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. .
No abstract available

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Chronic kidney disease (N18; International Classification of Diseases, tenth revision [ICD-10]) age-standardized mortality rate, selected countries, 2000–2009.
Chronic kidney disease (N18, ICD-10) age-standardized mortality rates show a disproportionate mortality in males compared to females. Nicaragua and El Salvador have higher mortality rates, with an extreme excess in males compared to the rest of the countries. Source: Regional Mortality Database. PAHO, World Health Organization (WHO); 2014.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Chronic kidney disease (N18, ICD-10) age-specific mortality rate, selected countries, around 2008.
(A) Mortality due to CKD (N18, ICD-10) in El Salvador and Nicaragua exhibited a pattern of excess mortality in young adults, starting at ages 25–29 years old. (B) Removing El Salvador and Nicaragua, panel B shows other countries of Central America also have an excess of premature mortality. Source: Regional Mortality Database. PAHO, WHO; 2014.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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