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. 2014 Jul 31:7:321-31.
doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S63842. eCollection 2014.

Design, implementation, and evaluation of a pediatric and adolescent type 2 diabetes management program at a tertiary pediatric center

M Constantine Samaan  1 , Marlie Valencia  2 , Connie Cheung  2 , Boguslaw Wilk  3 , Keith Lau  4 , Lehana Thabane  5
Affiliations

Design, implementation, and evaluation of a pediatric and adolescent type 2 diabetes management program at a tertiary pediatric center

M Constantine Samaan et al. J Multidiscip Healthc. .

Abstract

Global rates of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents have increased significantly over the past three decades. Type 2 diabetes is a relatively new disease in this age group, and there is a dearth of information about how to structure treatment programs to manage its comorbidities and complications. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a personalized multidisciplinary, family-centered, pediatric and adolescent type 2 diabetes program at a tertiary pediatric center in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. We report the process of designing and implementing such a program, and show that this multidisciplinary program led to improvement in glycated hemoglobin (n=17, 8% at baseline versus 6.4% at 1 year, 95% confidence interval (0.1-0.28), P-value <0.0001) and stabilized body mass index, with lowered C-peptide and no change in fitness or metabolic biomarkers of lipid metabolism and liver function. As type 2 diabetes becomes more prevalent in youth, the need for programs that successfully address the complex nature of this disease is central to its management and to mitigate its long-term adverse outcomes.

Keywords: adolescents; multidisciplinary; pediatric; program design; type 2 diabetes.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Results of staff survey to determine the need to develop a type 2 diabetes program (n=12).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Type 2 diabetes program clinic structure and patient evaluation plans. Note: Social work and behavioral therapy referrals were initiated at diagnosis and continued to be offered throughout the duration of the program as needed. The visits for months 2 and 3 aimed to have two of the team members listed above see the patient as much as possible. Abbreviations: C-peptide, endogenous insulin; GAD, glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies; ICA, islet cell autoantibodies; IAA, insulin autoantibodies; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; ACR, albumin to creatinine ratio; US, ultrasound; PCOS, polycystic ovarian syndrome; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; MD, physician; RD, registered dietitian; RN, registered nurse OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Type 2 diabetes program treatment pathway. Abbreviations: MD, physician; RD, registered dietitian; RN, registered nurse; SW, social worker; BT, behavioral therapist; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; LSI, lifestyle intervention.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Percent overweight change at 1 year compared with baseline (n=16).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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