Stereoselective disposition of flecainide in relation to the sparteine/debrisoquine metaboliser phenotype

Abstract

1. The disposition of the enantiomers of the antiarrhythmic drug flecainide has been studied in five extensive (EM) and five poor (PM) metabolisers of sparteine/debrisoquine after administration of 50 mg of racemic flecainide acetate under conditions of high urinary flow rate and acidic urinary pH. 2. In the EM subjects there were no significant differences in the oral clearance, half-life or urinary excretion of (+)-S- and (-)-R-flecainide. 3. In the PM subjects differences in the pharmacokinetics of S- and R-flecainide were observed. The oral clearance of R-flecainide (467 +/- 109 ml min-1) was less (P less than 0.03) than that of the S-enantiomer (620 +/- 172 ml min-1). The half-life of R-flecainide (12.9 h) was longer (P less than 0.03) than that of S-flecainide (9.8 h). The renal clearance of the two enantiomers was, however, comparable and similar to that observed in the EM subjects. The urinary recovery of R-flecainide (15.6 +/- 3.7 mg) was greater (P less than 0.03) than that of the S-enantiomer (12.0 +/- 3.7 mg). The enantioselective disposition observed in PMs is therefore due to greater impairment in the metabolism of R- than S-flecainide. 4. The urinary recoveries of two major metabolites of flecainide, meta-O-dealkylated flecainide (MODF) and the meta-O-dealkylated lactam of flecainide (MODLF) were lower (P less than 0.05) in PMs, 12.0% +/- 3.1% and 8.2% +/- 3.2% of the dose administered, respectively, than in EMs of 17.7% +/- 3.3% and 16.5% +/- 3.3%, respectively. 5. One PM subject had a greatly diminished flecainide metabolic capacity and a rare genotype, as assigned by Xbal RFLP analysis.