Dome-shaped macular configuration: longitudinal changes in the sclera and choroid by swept-source optical coherence tomography over two years

Abstract

Purpose: To study longitudinal changes in the posterior pole in eyes with dome-shaped macular configuration within the staphyloma.

Design: Prospective, longitudinal study.

Methods: We prospectively examined the macular area in 35 eyes (26 patients) with dome-shaped macular configuration and high myopia (mean spherical equivalent, -14.83 ± 4.50 diopters) using swept-source optical coherence tomography. Scleral and choroidal thicknesses were measured at the fovea and at 4 parafoveal locations 2000 μm from the foveal center. Height of the macular bulge was measured as well.

Results: During the mean follow-up of 24.8 ± 2.5 months, the scleral thickness significantly decreased at the fovea from 496.1 ± 95.7 μm to 484.7 ± 96.2 μm (P < .001) and at all 4 parafoveal locations (P < .001, respectively). The scleral thinning was asymmetric, with an estimated decrease per year of 5.6 μm at the foveal center, 11.1 μm superiorly, 12.1 μm inferiorly, 10.4 μm temporally, and 5.8 μm nasally. The ocular concavities deepened over time, and mean macular bulge height increased from 136.5 ± 60.9 μm to 157.6 ± 67.0 μm (P < .001). The choroid within the staphyloma showed generalized thinning during follow-up. Mean choroidal thickness decreased significantly at the fovea from 28.3 ± 17.2 μm at baseline to 22.9 ± 17.2 μm (P < .001).

Conclusions: Progressive asymmetric scleral thinning occurred in the macular region of eyes with dome-shaped macular configuration. The scleral thinning was more pronounced in the parafoveal area than at the foveal center, resulting in an increase of the macular bulge height.