[Cerebral ischemia/infarction - diagnosis and treatment]

Abstract

Four hundred individuals suffer from ischemic stroke every year in Iceland, more than one daily. Cerebral ischemia is an emergency. Around two million brain cells die every minute after an occlusion of a cerebral artery. Therefore, it is of utmost importance that the patient is transported quickly to hospital, not least to receive thrombolytic treatment. Even though thrombolytic treatment can be given up to four and a half hours after the ictal event, time is brain and the effect of thombolysis reduces dramatically as times passes. For every two patients who are treated inside one hour, one recovers fully. When the treatment is administred between three and four and a half hours only one in 14 recovers fully. All patients with an acute stroke should be admitted to a stroke unit where a multidisciplinary focus on stroke causation and treatment is present, with emphasis on early rehabilitation. Secondary preventive treatment focusing on anti-thrombotic, hypertensive, diabetic, cholesterol lowering treatment, carotic endarterectomy and life style changes should be initiated as soon as possible.