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Comparative Study
. 2014 Dec;6(4):282-9.
doi: 10.1007/s12560-014-9164-2. Epub 2014 Aug 17.

Antiviral Effects of Lactococcus lactis on Feline Calicivirus, A Human Norovirus Surrogate

Hamada A Aboubakr  1   2   3 , Amr A El-Banna  3 , Mohammed M Youssef  3 , Sobhy A A Al-Sohaimy  4 , Sagar M Goyal  5   6
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Antiviral Effects of Lactococcus lactis on Feline Calicivirus, A Human Norovirus Surrogate

Hamada A Aboubakr et al. Food Environ Virol. 2014 Dec.

Abstract

Foodborne viruses, particularly human norovirus (NV) and hepatitis virus type A, are a cause of concern for public health making it necessary to explore novel and effective techniques for prevention of foodborne viral contamination, especially in minimally processed and ready-to-eat foods. This study aimed to determine the antiviral activity of a probiotic lactic acid bacterium (LAB) against feline calicivirus (FCV), a surrogate of human NV. Bacterial growth medium filtrate (BGMF) of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis LM0230 and its bacterial cell suspension (BCS) were evaluated separately for their antiviral activity against FCV grown in Crandell-Reese feline kidney (CRFK) cells. No significant antiviral effect was seen when CRFK cells were pre-treated with either BGMF (raw or pH 7-adjusted BGMF) or BCS. However, pre-treatment of FCV with BGMF and BCS resulted in a reduction in virus titers of 1.3 log10 tissue culture infectious dose (TCID)50 and 1.8 log10 TCID50, respectively. The highest reductions in FCV infectivity were obtained when CRFK cells were co-treated with FCV and pH 7-adjusted BGMF or with FCV and BCS (7.5 log10 TCID50 and 6.0 log10 TCID50, respectively). These preliminary results are encouraging and indicate the need for continued studies on the role of probiotics and LAB on inactivation of viruses in various types of foods.

Keywords: Antiviral activity; Feline calicivirus; Foodborne viruses; Lactic acid bacteria; Lactococcus lactis; Norovirus; Probiotics.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Effect of pre-treatment of CRFK cells with raw and pH 7.0-adjusted BGMF on FCV titer. Pre-treatment times used were 30 min, 90 min, and 24 h. Data shown are an average of triplicate experiments. Error bars represent standard deviations
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Effect of pre-treatment with raw and pH 7.0-adjusted BGMF on FCV titer. Treatment times used were 30 min, 90 min, and 24 h. Data are average of triplicate experiments. Error bars represent standard deviations
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Effect of pre-treatment with BCS on FCV titer. Different bacterial cell counts (1 × 108, 2 × 108, and 3 × 108 CFU) and three treatment times for each were used. Data are average from triplicate experiments. Error bars represent standard deviations
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Effect of co-treatment of CRFK with FCV and raw or pH 7.0-adjusted BGMF (three different dilutions of each). Data are average from triplicate experiments. Error bars represent standard deviations
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Effect of co-treatment of CRFK with FCV and different volumes of BCS (20, 50, and 100 µL). Data are average from triplicate experiments. Error bars represent standard deviations
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