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. 2012 Jun;1(2):78-88.
doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4683.2012.05.06.

TGF-β mediated DNA methylation in prostate cancer

Chung Lee  1 , Qiang Zhang  2 , Xaolin Zi  3 , Atreya Dash  3 , Marcelo B Soares  4 , Farahnaz Rahmatpanah  5 , Zhenyu Jia  5 , Michael McClelland  5 , Dan Mercola  5
Affiliations

TGF-β mediated DNA methylation in prostate cancer

Chung Lee et al. Transl Androl Urol. 2012 Jun.

Abstract

Almost all tumors harbor a defective negative feedback loop of signaling by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation, including DNA methylation, are fundamental to normal cellular function and also play a major role in carcinogenesis. Recent evidence demonstrated that TGF-β signaling mediates cancer development and progression. Many key events in TGF-β signaling in cancer included auto-induction of TGF-β1 and increased expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), suggesting that DNA methylation plays a significant role in cancer development and progression. In this review, we performed an extensive survey of the literature linking TGF-β signaling to DNA methylation in prostate cancer. It appeared that almost all DNA methylated genes detected in prostate cancer are directly or indirectly related to TGF-β signaling. This knowledge has provided a basis for our future directions of prostate cancer research and strategies for prevention and therapy for prostate cancer.

Keywords: DNA methylation; DNMT; Erk activation; TGF-β; prostate cancer; tumor development and progression.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflicts of Interest: M. McClelland and D. Mercola are cofounders Proveri Inc., which is engaged in translational development of aspects of the subject matter. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

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