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. 2014 Aug 26;111(34):12283-7.
doi: 10.1073/pnas.1400472111. Epub 2014 Aug 18.

History of vaccination

Stanley Plotkin  1
Affiliations

History of vaccination

Stanley Plotkin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. .

Abstract

Vaccines have a history that started late in the 18th century. From the late 19th century, vaccines could be developed in the laboratory. However, in the 20th century, it became possible to develop vaccines based on immunologic markers. In the 21st century, molecular biology permits vaccine development that was not possible before.

Keywords: genetic engineering; killed vaccines; live vaccine; proteins.

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Conflict of interest statement

The author declares no conflict of interest.

References

    1. Plotkin SA. History of Vaccine Development. New York: Springer; 2011.
    1. Artenstein AW, editor. Vaccines, a Biography. New York: Springer; 2010.
    1. Plotkin SL, Plotkin SA. A short history of vaccination. In: Plotkin SA, Orenstein WA, Offit PA, editors. Vaccines. 6th Ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier-Saunders; 2013. pp. 1–13.
    1. Plotkin SA, Plotkin SL. The development of vaccines: how the past led to the future. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2011;9(12):889–893. - PubMed
    1. Bazin H. Vaccination: A History, from Lady Montagu to Genetic Engineering. Esher, UK: John Libbey Eurotext; 2011.

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