Lixisenatide treatment for older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus uncontrolled on oral antidiabetics: meta-analysis of five randomized controlled trials

Abstract

Aim: Evaluate the efficacy and safety of lixisenatide, a once-daily prandial glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, in older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) insufficiently controlled on oral antidiabetics (OADs).

Methods: A meta-analysis was conducted on data from older patients (≥65 years) from five of the GetGoal trials, in which patients with T2DM were treated with lixisenatide 20 µg once daily or placebo, as an add-on to OADs. The primary endpoint in all trials was change from baseline at week 24 in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Other endpoints included changes in post-prandial plasma glucose (PPG), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and weight. Composite and safety endpoints were also analyzed.

Results: A total of 501 patients aged ≥65 years were included in this meta-analysis: 304 received lixisenatide plus OADs and 197 received placebo as add-on to OADs. Lixisenatide as an add-on to OADs significantly reduced HbA1c, PPG, FPG and weight, with placebo-corrected treatment effects at week 24 of -0.54% (p<0.0001), -126 mg/dL (p<0.0001), -13 mg/dL (p=0.0005) and -0.90 kg (p=0.0021), respectively. Patients receiving lixisenatide plus OADs were significantly more likely to achieve composite (HbA1c levels<7%, HbA1c levels<7% and no symptomatic hypoglycemia, and HbA1c levels<7%, no weight gain and no symptomatic hypoglycemia) and safety endpoints than those receiving placebo plus OADs. Symptomatic hypoglycemia was experienced by 8.55% and 3.55% of patients in the lixisenatide plus OADs and placebo plus OADs groups, respectively (p=0.0276), although no serious hypoglycemic episodes were reported.

Conclusions: Lixisenatide plus OADs improved glycemic control in older patients inadequately controlled on OADs compared with placebo plus OADs. Lixisenatide is well tailored to the pathophysiology of T2DM in older patients.