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Review
. 2014 Oct 15;307(8):F891-900.
doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00163.2014. Epub 2014 Aug 20.

A current understanding of vascular calcification in CKD

Neil J Paloian  1 , Cecilia M Giachelli  2
Affiliations
Review

A current understanding of vascular calcification in CKD

Neil J Paloian et al. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. .

Abstract

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) have significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality that is in part due to the development of vascular calcification. Vascular calcification is an active, highly regulated process that shares many similarities with normal bone formation. New discoveries related to extracellular vesicles, microRNAs, and calciprotein particles continue to reveal the mechanisms that are involved in the initiation and progression of vascular calcification in CKD. Further innovations in these fields are critical for the development of biomarkers and therapeutic options for patients with CKD and ESRD.

Keywords: calciprotein particles; chronic kidney disease; microRNA; vascular calcification; vesicles.

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Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Pathological deposition of mineral in the arterial medial wall is an active process that is multifactorial in origin. Contributors to this include calciprotein particles, abnormalities of microRNA (miRNA), and extracellular vesicle formation and release. The combination of these factors in the setting of chronic kidney disease (CKD) leads to the development of arterial medial calcification. This is demonstrated showing a quarter section of an elastic artery. VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cells; PPI, pyrophosphate; MGP, matrix Gla protein; TGF, transforming growth factor.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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