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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2014 Aug 22;345(6199):922-5.
doi: 10.1126/science.1255006.

Polio eradication. Efficacy of inactivated poliovirus vaccine in India

Hamid Jafari  1 , Jagadish M Deshpande  2 , Roland W Sutter  3 , Sunil Bahl  1 , Harish Verma  4 , Mohammad Ahmad  1 , Abhishek Kunwar  1 , Rakesh Vishwakarma  1 , Ashutosh Agarwal  1 , Shilpi Jain  5 , Concepcion Estivariz  6 , Raman Sethi  1 , Natalie A Molodecky  4 , Nicholas C Grassly  7 , Mark A Pallansch  6 , Arani Chatterjee  5 , R Bruce Aylward  4
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Polio eradication. Efficacy of inactivated poliovirus vaccine in India

Hamid Jafari et al. Science. .

Abstract

Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) is efficacious against paralytic disease, but its effect on mucosal immunity is debated. We assessed the efficacy of IPV in boosting mucosal immunity. Participants received IPV, bivalent 1 and 3 oral poliovirus vaccine (bOPV), or no vaccine. A bOPV challenge was administered 4 weeks later, and excretion was assessed 3, 7, and 14 days later. Nine hundred and fifty-four participants completed the study. Any fecal shedding of poliovirus type 1 was 8.8, 9.1, and 13.5% in the IPV group and 14.4, 24.1, and 52.4% in the control group by 6- to 11-month, 5-year, and 10-year groups, respectively (IPV versus control: Fisher's exact test P < 0.001). IPV reduced excretion for poliovirus types 1 and 3 between 38.9 and 74.2% and 52.8 and 75.7%, respectively. Thus, IPV in OPV-vaccinated individuals boosts intestinal mucosal immunity.

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Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.. Excretion of poliovirus type 1 and type 3 after challenge with bOPV.
The prevalence of poliovirus type 1 (A) and type 3 (B) excretions is plotted for each time point after challenge, for each study arm and age group. All subjects (n = 954) are included. Bars represent 95% confidence intervals calculated with the Clopper-Pearson method.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.. Magnitude of excretion of poliovirus type 1 and type 3 after bOPV challenge for each study arm and age group.
The prevalence of poliovirus type 1 (A) and type 3 (B) excretion and the mean log10 titer are plotted for each time point after challenge, with the width of the boxes spanning the midpoints between these time points (except for those boxes representing shedding on the day of challenge, where the plot is truncated at day 0). The volume of the boxes therefore roughly represents the total quantity of poliovirus that is excreted (prevalence × quantity × duration). Prevalence measure includes 954 participants. Titer measure includes 303 participants excreting virus after bOPV challenge.
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References

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