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. 2014 Aug 26;15(1):104.
doi: 10.1186/s12931-014-0104-3.

Compartment differences of inflammatory activity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Jie Ji  1 , Ida von Schéele, Jan Bergström, Bo Billing, Barbro Dahlén, Ann-Sofie Lantz, Kjell Larsson, Lena Palmberg
Affiliations

Compartment differences of inflammatory activity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Jie Ji et al. Respir Res. .

Abstract

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with local and systemic inflammation. The knowledge of interaction and co-variation of the inflammatory responses in different compartments is meagre.

Method: Healthy controls (n = 23), smokers with (n = 28) and without (n = 29) COPD performed spirometry and dental examinations. Saliva, induced sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and serum were collected. Inflammatory markers were assessed in all compartments using ELISA, flow cytometry and RT-PCR.

Results: Negative correlations between lung function and saliva IL-8 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) were found in smokers with COPD. IL-8 and MMP-9 in saliva correlated positively with periodontal disease as assessed by gingival bleeding in non-smokers.Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in saliva, serum and TNF-α mRNA expression on macrophages in BAL-fluid were lower in smokers than in non-smokers. There were positive correlations between soluble TNF-α receptor 1 (sTNFR1) and soluble TNF-α receptor 2 (sTNFR2) in sputum, BAL-fluid and serum in all groups. Sputum interleukin-8 (IL-8) or interleukin-6 (IL-6) was positively correlated with sTNFR1 or sTNFR2 in non-smokers and with sTNFR2 in COPD.

Conclusion: Saliva which is convenient to collect and analyse, may be suitable for biomarker assessment of disease activity in COPD. An attenuated TNF-α expression was demonstrated by both protein and mRNA analyses in different compartments suggesting that TNF-α response is altered in moderate and severe COPD. Shedding of TNFR1 or TNFR2 is similarly regulated irrespective of airflow limitation.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Relationship between lung function index and salivary biomarkers. Relationship between FEV1 (percent of predicted value) and IL-8 (a) and MMP-9 (b) in saliva in smokers with COPD. Rho indicates coefficient of correlation according to Spearman.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Relationship between dental statues and salivary biomarkers. Relationship between gingival bleeding index and IL-8 (a) and MMP-9 (b) in saliva in healthy non-smokers. Rho indicates coefficient of correlation according to Spearman.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Relationship between sputum soluble TNFRs and sputum biomarkers. Relationship between sputum concentration of soluble TNF- α receptors and IL-6 and (a, c) and IL-8 (b, d) in healthy non-smokers. Relationship between sputum concentration of sTNFR2 and IL-6 and (e) and IL-8 (f) in smokers with COPD. Rho indicates coefficient of correlation according to Spearman.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Relationship between soluble TNFR1 and TNFR2. Relationship between soluble TNFR1 and TNFR2 in sputum (a), BAL fluid (b) and serum (c). Rho indicates coefficient of correlation according to Spearman.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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