Estimates and multivariable risk assessment of gingival recession in the population of adults from Porto Alegre, Brazil

Abstract

Aim: To describe estimates and determine risk indicators of gingival recession in the urban population of Porto Alegre, Brazil.

Materials and methods: A representative sample of 1023 adults 35 years and older was obtained using a multistage probability sampling strategy. A structured questionnaire was applied and a clinical examination was performed at four sites of all teeth present. Complex survey commands were used for the estimation of gingival recession (GR) and during risk assessment.

Results: GR ≥1 mm affected 99.7% of subjects. The percentage of subjects with ≥1 tooth with GR ≥3 mm and ≥5 mm was 75.4% and 40.7%, respectively. 67.6%, 27.8% and 9.5% of teeth per subject showed GR ≥1 mm, ≥3 mm and ≥5 mm, respectively. Older age, male gender, smoking exposure, poor self-reported oral hygiene, history of periodontal treatment and high percentage of calculus were significant risk indicators for GR found after multivariable risk assessment. When buccal GR was analysed separately, only gender, age, smoking and high education were significant risk indicators for GR, whereas variables related to oral hygiene were not associated.

Conclusion: GR is highly prevalent in this Brazilian population. Preventive strategies for GR may target a variety of socio-demographic, behavioural and clinical risk indicators.

Keywords: Brazil; epidemiology; gingival recession; prevalence; risk indicators.