Interactions between voluntary head control and neck proprioceptive reflexes in cervical dystonia

Abstract

Background: To investigate deficiencies in mechanisms of sensorimotor processing and reflexive-voluntary interactions leading to the impaired head position control in primary cervical dystonia.

Methods: Thirteen patients and 23 healthy controls were subjected to transient, low amplitude, low velocity head-on-trunk, trunk-under-head and whole-body rotations in the horizontal plane. With the instruction not to resist the imposed displacements, resistance to horizontal neck deflections was evaluated.

Results: Patients exhibited a torque offset (bias) in the direction of torticollis before stimulus application. While controls reduced and occasionally eliminated completely the initial resistance to head-to-trunk rotations, torque in patients increased throughout displacements. Change of resistance relative to baseline in patients was, however, symmetrical, i.e. independent of torticollis direction. Spontaneous torque fluctuations were significantly larger in patients. Strong correlations existed among these abnormal findings.

Conclusions: Patients' ability to manipulate normal postural reactions to head-trunk rotations is impaired. The deficit is bilateral and correlates with the degree of abnormal posture. The present study extends previous work on reflexive-voluntary interactions and provides evidence that malfunctioning proprioceptive feedback may contribute to the pathophysiology of cervical dystonia.

Keywords: Basal ganglia; Dystonia; Motor control; Torticollis.