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Review
. 2014 Sep-Oct;21(5):397-419.
doi: 10.1111/xen.12127. Epub 2014 Sep 1.

Progress in pig-to-non-human primate transplantation models (1998-2013): a comprehensive review of the literature

David K C Cooper  1 , Vikas Satyananda, Burcin Ekser, Dirk J van der Windt, Hidetaka Hara, Mohamed B Ezzelarab, Henk-Jan Schuurman
Affiliations
Review

Progress in pig-to-non-human primate transplantation models (1998-2013): a comprehensive review of the literature

David K C Cooper et al. Xenotransplantation. 2014 Sep-Oct.

Abstract

Background: The pig-to-non-human primate model is the standard choice for in vivo studies of organ and cell xenotransplantation. In 1998, Lambrigts and his colleagues surveyed the entire world literature and reported all experimental studies in this model. With the increasing number of genetically engineered pigs that have become available during the past few years, this model is being utilized ever more frequently.

Methods: We have now reviewed the literature again and have compiled the data we have been able to find for the period January 1, 1998 to December 31, 2013, a period of 16 yr.

Results: The data are presented for transplants of the heart (heterotopic and orthotopic), kidney, liver, lung, islets, neuronal cells, hepatocytes, corneas, artery patches, and skin. Heart, kidney, and, particularly, islet xenograft survival have increased significantly since 1998.

Discussion: The reasons for this are briefly discussed. A comment on the limitations of the model has been made, particularly with regard to those that will affect progression of xenotransplantation toward the clinic.

Keywords: islets; non-human primate organs; pigs; xenotransplantation.

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Conflict of interest statement

Statement regarding conflict of interest

The authors report no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Numbers of publications relating to pig-to-nonhuman primate heart (A, top), kidney (B, middle), and islet (C, bottom) transplantation during the period 1998–2013.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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    1. LEXER G, COOPER DKC, ROSE AG, et al. Hyperacute rejection in a discordant (pig to baboon) cardiac xenograft model. J Heart Transplant. 1986;5:411–418. - PubMed
    1. LAMBRIGTS D, SACHS DH, COOPER DKC. Discordant organ xenotransplantation in primates: world experience and current status. Transplantation. 1998;66:547–561. - PubMed
    1. HARA H, COOPER DKC. The immunology of corneal xenotransplantation: a review of the literature. Xenotransplantation. 2010;17:338–349. - PubMed
    1. HARA H, COOPER DKC. Xenotransplantation--the future of corneal transplantation? Cornea. 2011;30:371–378. - PMC - PubMed

Publication types