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Review
. 2014 Sep 5;3(5):e001111.
doi: 10.1161/JAHA.114.001111.

Insights into aortic sclerosis and its relationship with coronary artery disease

Alexandra C Milin  1 , Gabriel Vorobiof  1 , Olcay Aksoy  1 , Reza Ardehali  1
Affiliations
Review

Insights into aortic sclerosis and its relationship with coronary artery disease

Alexandra C Milin et al. J Am Heart Assoc. .
No abstract available

Keywords: Aortic stenosis; aortic valve calcification; atherosclerosis; cardiovascular outcomes; cardiovascular pathophysiology.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Pathophysiology of aortic sclerosis, aortic stenosis, and coronary artery disease. The evolution from normal vasculature to aortic stenosis and coronary artery disease shares several important cellular mechanisms including lipid deposition, inflammatory cell infiltration, cytokine release, and calcification. While a smooth muscle cap overlying a lipid core develops in coronary artery disease, aortic stenosis is characterized by thick calcifications. Pathology of human aortic valves and coronary arteries illustrates this transition at the tissue level. ACE indicates angiotensin‐converting enzyme; Ca, calcium; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein; M‐CSF, macrophage colony stimulating factor; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; NO, nitric oxide; PDGF, platelet‐derived growth factor; TGF‐β, transforming growth factor β; TNF‐α, tumor necrosis factor α. Cynthia S. Gordon © 2014 MedAnimations.com.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Patterns of aortic sclerosis seen on echocardiography. Diffuse (A) and mixed (B) types are associated with higher rates of coronary artery disease than are localized nodular (C) and localized nonnodular (D) forms. Arrows indicate areas of valvular sclerosis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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