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Review
. 2015 Feb;262(2):258-67.
doi: 10.1007/s00415-014-7482-9. Epub 2014 Sep 7.

Overview of neurosarcoidosis: recent advances

Renata Hebel  1 , Mirosława Dubaniewicz-Wybieralska, Anna Dubaniewicz
Affiliations
Review

Overview of neurosarcoidosis: recent advances

Renata Hebel et al. J Neurol. 2015 Feb.

Abstract

Sarcoidosis (SA) is a granulomatous, multisystem disease of unknown etiology. Most often the disease affects lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes, but it may occur in other organs. Neurosarcoidosis (NS) more commonly occurs with other sarcoidosis forms, in 1 % of cases it involves only nervous system. Symptomatic NS occurs but on autopsy study up to 25 % of cases are confirmed. NS can affect central nervous system: the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves, and muscles. The diagnosis of neurosarcoidosis facilitates diagnostic criteria: histopathological, imaging and cerebrospinal fluid examination, and clinical symptoms. At present, there are no set standards for treatment of patients suffering from NS. Early therapy of symptomatic patients is recommended. Corticosteroids still are the first line of treatment for NS patients. In cases of steroids resistance, lack of their effectiveness or existence of contraindication to their use, immunosuppressant treatment is recommended. The latest NS algorithm with immunosuppressive treatment is discussed.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The etiopathogenesis of sarcoidosis
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Neurosarcoidosis in MRI brain in sagital plane: T1-weighted contrast-enhanced MR image shows basal leptomeningeal enhancement and an extensive enhancement of the pituitary gland and stalk, which is markedly enlarged
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Neurosarcoidosis in MRI cervical spine in sagital plane: T1-weighted contrast-enhanced MR image shows enhancing leptomeningeal lesions involving of the spinal cord
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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Supplementary concepts