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. 2014 Aug;48(4):697-708.
doi: 10.1590/s0034-8910.2014048005278.

Factors associated to breastfeeding in the first hour of life: systematic review

[Article in English, Portuguese]
Tania Maria Brasil Esteves  1 , Regina Paiva Daumas  1 , Maria Inês Couto de Oliveira  2 , Carlos Augusto de Ferreira de Andrade  3 , Iuri Costa Leite  4
Affiliations

Factors associated to breastfeeding in the first hour of life: systematic review

[Article in English, Portuguese]
Tania Maria Brasil Esteves et al. Rev Saude Publica. 2014 Aug.

Abstract
in English, Portuguese

Objective: To identify independent risk factors for non-breastfeeding within the first hour of life.

Methods: A systematic review of Medline, LILACS, Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases, till August 30, 2013, was performed without restrictions on language or date of publishing. Studies that used regression models and provided adjusted measures of association were included. Studies in which the regression model was not specified or those based on specific populations regarding age or the presence of morbidities were excluded.

Results: The search resulted in 155 articles, from which 18 met the inclusion criteria. These were conducted in Asia (9), Africa (5), and South America (4), between 1999 and 2013. The prevalence of breastfeeding within the first hour of life ranged from 11.4%, in a province of Saudi Arabia, to 83.3% in Sri Lanka. Cesarean delivery was the most consistent risk factor for non-breastfeeding within the first hour of life. "Low family income", "maternal age less than 25 years", "low maternal education", "no prenatal visit", "home delivery", "no prenatal guidance on breastfeeding" and "preterm birth" were reported as risk factors in at least two studies.

Conclusions: Besides the hospital routines, indicators for low socioeconomic status and poor access to health services were also identified as independent risk factors for non-breastfeeding within the first hour of life. Policies to promote breastfeeding, appropriate to each context, should aim to reduce inequalities in health.

OBJETIVO: Identificar fatores de risco independentes para a não amamentação na primeira hora de vida.

MÉTODOS: Revisão sistemática nas bases de dados Medline, Lilacs, Scopus e Web of Science, sem restrição de idioma ou período de publicação, até 30 de agosto de 2013. Foram incluídos estudos que utilizaram modelos de regressão e forneceram medidas de associação ajustadas. Foram excluídos artigos que não especificaram o modelo de regressão utilizado ou que abordaram populações específicas quanto à faixa etária ou presença de morbidade.

RESULTADOS: Foram identificados 155 artigos, dos quais 18 preencheram os critérios de inclusão. Foram realizados na Ásia (nove), África (cinco) e América do Sul (quatro) entre 1999 e 2010. A prevalência da amamentação na primeira hora de vida variou de 11,4%, em uma província da Arábia Saudita, a 83,3% no Sri Lanka. A cesariana foi o fator de risco mais consistente para a não amamentação na primeira hora de vida. “Baixa renda familiar”, “idade materna menor que 25 anos”, “baixa escolaridade materna”, “ausência de consultas pré-natais”, “parto domiciliar”, “falta de orientação sobre amamentação no pré-natal” e “prematuridade” foram fatores de risco identificados em pelo menos dois estudos.

CONCLUSÕES: Além de rotinas hospitalares, indicadores associados a pior nível socioeconômico e menor acesso a serviços de saúde foram também identificados como fatores de risco independentes para a não amamentação na primeira hora de vida. Políticas de promoção da amamentação, adequadas a cada contexto, devem ter como meta a redução das desigualdades em saúde.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Flow Chart of the Selection Process for the Studies to be Included in the systematic review on the risk factors for non-breastfeeding in the first hour of life.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Representation by hierarchical level of the risk factors for breastfeeding in the first hour of life.a
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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