Visceral leishmaniasis relapse in HIV patients--a role for myeloid-derived suppressor cells?

Affiliations

¹ Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Brussels, Belgium; Operational Research Unit, Medical Department, Médecins Sans Frontières - Operational Centre Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
² Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Brussels, Belgium.
³ Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
⁴ Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
⁵ Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.

Rafael Van den Bergh et al. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014.

. 2014 Sep 11;8(9):e3132.

doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003132. eCollection 2014 Sep.

¹ Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Brussels, Belgium; Operational Research Unit, Medical Department, Médecins Sans Frontières - Operational Centre Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
² Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Brussels, Belgium.
³ Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
⁴ Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
⁵ Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.

No abstract available

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

1. Alvar J, Aparicio P, Aseffa A, Den Boer M, Canavate C, et al. (2008) The relationship between leishmaniasis and AIDS: the second 10 years. Clin Microbiol Rev 21: 334–359. - PMC - PubMed
1. Huis in 't Veld D, Sun HY, Hung CC, Colebunders R (2012) The immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome related to HIV co-infections: a review. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 31: 919–927. - PubMed
1. Gianotti N, Maillard M, Gaiera G, Bestetti A, Cernuschi M, et al. (2008) Leishmania infection can hamper immune recovery in virologically suppressed HIV-infected patients. New Microbiol 31: 435–438. - PubMed
1. Bourgeois N, Bastien P, Reynes J, Makinson A, Rouanet I, et al. (2010) ‘Active chronic visceral leishmaniasis’ in HIV-1-infected patients demonstrated by biological and clinical long-term follow-up of 10 patients. HIV Med 11: 670–673. - PubMed
1. Cota GF, de Sousa MR, Rabello A (2011) Predictors of visceral leishmaniasis relapse in HIV-infected patients: a systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 5: e1153. - PMC - PubMed