Free flap reconstruction for head and neck cancer can be safely performed in both young and elderly patients after careful patient selection

Abstract

Surgical treatment of head and neck cancer often results in complex defects requiring reconstruction with microvascular free tissue transfer. However, in elderly patients, curative treatment with radical surgery and free flap reconstruction is often withheld. The objective of this study is to assess the outcomes of free flap surgery in elderly patients, using a standard surgical complication classification system. A retrospective review was conducted of patients who underwent primary free flap reconstruction following major surgery for head and neck cancer between 1995 and 2010. Complications were assessed using the Clavien Dindo classification system, and grades III-V were classified as major complications. Comorbidity was classified according to the adult comorbidity evaluation index 27. A comparison was done between patients <70 and ≥70 years. Two hundred-two patients were included in this study. Multivariate analysis showed that only disease stage was a significant predictor of recipient site complications, and comorbidity was the only significant predictor of medical complications. Age was not a predictor of complications. There were no significant differences in disease specific or overall survival between young and elderly patients. Optimal patient selection for free flap surgery is essential. This requires thorough pre-operative assessment, including analysis of comorbidity in both young and elderly patients. Patients' biological age, and not chronological age, should be individually determined to assess feasibility of major surgery. Patients should not be denied surgery based on age alone.