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Review
. 2015 Feb:30:38-43.
doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2014.08.015. Epub 2014 Sep 16.

Neuromodulation for mood and memory: from the engineering bench to the patient bedside

Zhi-De Deng  1 , Shawn M McClintock  2 , Nicodemus E Oey  3 , Bruce Luber  4 , Sarah H Lisanby  5
Affiliations
Review

Neuromodulation for mood and memory: from the engineering bench to the patient bedside

Zhi-De Deng et al. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2015 Feb.

Abstract

Brain stimulation, in the form of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), has long been a gold standard treatment for depression, but today, the field of neuromodulation is rapidly changing with the advent of newer and more precise tools to alter neuroplasticity and to treat brain-based disorders. Now there are new means to induce focal seizures, as with magnetic seizure therapy (MST), or modifications to ECT. There are also surgical approaches to target brain circuits via implanted stimulators placed in the brain or on cranial nerves. Finally, there are noninvasive subconvulsive approaches for the transcranial application of either electric or magnetic fields. Collectively, these tools have transformed the face of neurotherapeutics and informed our understanding of the brain basis of complex neurobehavioral conditions.

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Conflict of interest statement

Drs. McClintock and Luber, and Mr. Oey have no conflicts of interest to declare.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Spatial resolution and invasiveness profile of various neuromodulation therapies for mood disorders. Subconvulsive therapies include transcranial direction current stimulation (tDCS), high definition-transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS), low field magnetic stimulation (LFMS), repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), and deep transcranial magnetic stimulation (dTMS). Convulsive therapies include magnetic seizure therapy (MST) and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Neurosurgical therapies include vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) and deep brain stimulation (DBS).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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