Affiliations

• ¹ Private practice of orthodontics at 2388 Cole St., Suite 103, Birmingham, MI 48009, USA. groth@trdortho.com.
• ² Department of Orthodontics, Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA.
• ³ Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of General Practice, Department of Continuing Education, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
• ⁴ Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco. Department of Orthodontics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA.
• ⁵ Graduate Orthodontic Department, Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, University of the Pacific, San Francisco, USA.