Atrial natriuretic peptide in plasma, atria, ventricles, and hypothalamus of Long-Evans and vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rats

Abstract

To evaluate the role of vasopressin in the regulation of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) secretion, the plasma, atrial, ventricular, and hypothalamic levels of ANP were measured in Long-Evans (LE) and vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro (DI) rats. Total atrial immunoreactive ANP (IR-ANP) as well as right auricular IR-ANP concentration were higher in the DI than in the LE rats, whereas no significant difference was noted in left auricular IR-ANP concentration. In the left ventricle of DI rats, the IR-ANP concentration was 82% greater than that in the LE rats, while no substantial difference was found in the right ventricular IR-ANP concentration between the strains. Normal LE rats had low levels of left ventricular ANP mRNA and barely detectable ANP mRNA in the right ventricle, DI rats showed a 3-fold greater ANP mRNA concentration in the left ventricle than age-matched LE controls, and ANP mRNA levels were also increased in the left auricle of DI rats. The hypothalamic IR-ANP content, but not the concentration, was significantly increased in the DI compared to the LE rats. Despite increased cardiac IR-ANP and ANP mRNA levels, plasma IR-ANP concentrations were similar in the conscious DI rats (97 +/- 9 pg/ml; n = 13) and the LE rats (95 +/- 8 pg/ml; n = 15). Volume expansion (1.1 ml/100 g BW of 0.9% saline, iv) increased right atrial pressure and caused a significant rise in plasma IR-ANP in both strains (P less than 0.01). Elevations of plasma IR-ANP concentrations caused by volume loading were comparable in LE and DI rats in either the absence or presence of exogenous vasopressin (5 ng/kg.min, iv), which, when infused alone, did not significantly influence the plasma IR-ANP concentration. However, the relation between the change in IR-ANP concentration and the change in right atrial pressure shifted to the left, and thus, for a given increase in right atrial pressure, a greater amount of IR-ANP was released in the vasopressin-treated rats than in the control animals. These results demonstrate that although acute volume expansion does not necessarily require endogenous vasopressin for the ANP secretory response, vasopressin increased the ability of volume expansion to induce ANP release, thus modulating the direct mechanical stimulus-induced ANP secretion. The increased left ventricular levels of immunoreactive ANP and augmentation of ANP mRNA levels in Brattleboro rats despite normal left ventricular weight to body weight ratio show that increased ANP gene expression may occur in the ventricles independently of hypertrophy.