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Clinical Trial
. 2014 Nov;32(8):1308-16.
doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2014.08.006. Epub 2014 Sep 16.

Assessment of the bone scan index in a randomized placebo-controlled trial of tasquinimod in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC)

Andrew J Armstrong  1 , Reza Kaboteh  2 , Michael A Carducci  3 , Jan-Erik Damber  4 , Walter M Stadler  5 , Mats Hansen  6 , Lars Edenbrandt  7 , Göran Forsberg  6 , Örjan Nordle  6 , Roberto Pili  8 , Michael J Morris  9
Affiliations
Clinical Trial

Assessment of the bone scan index in a randomized placebo-controlled trial of tasquinimod in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC)

Andrew J Armstrong et al. Urol Oncol. 2014 Nov.

Abstract

Introduction: Drug development and clinical decision making for patients with metastatic prostate cancer (PC) have been hindered by a lack of quantitative methods of assessing changes in bony disease burden that are associated with overall survival (OS). Bone scan index (BSI), a quantitative imaging biomarker of bone tumor burden, is prognostic in men with metastatic PC. We evaluated an automated method for BSI calculation for the association between BSI over time with clinical outcomes in a randomized double-blind trial of tasquinimod (TASQ) in men with metastatic castration-resistant PC (mCRPC).

Methods: Bone scans collected during central review from the TASQ trial were analyzed retrospectively using EXINIbone(BSI), an automated software package for BSI calculation. Associations between BSI and other prognostic biomarkers, progression-free survival, OS, and treatment were evaluated over time.

Results: Of 201 men (57 TASQ and 28 placebo), 85 contributed scans at baseline and week 12 of sufficient quality. Baseline BSI correlated with prostate-specific antigen and alkaline phosphatase levels and was associated with OS in univariate (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.42, P = 0.013) and multivariate (HR = 1.64, P<0.001) analyses. BSI worsening at 12 weeks was prognostic for progression-free survival (HR = 2.14 per BSI doubling, P<0.001) and OS (HR = 1.58, P = 0.033) in multivariate analyses including baseline BSI and TASQ treatment. TASQ delayed BSI progression.

Conclusions: BSI and BSI changes over time were independently associated with OS in men with mCRPC. A delay in objective radiographic bone scan progression with TASQ is suggested; prospective evaluation of BSI progression and response criteria in phase 3 trials of men with mCRPC is warranted.

Keywords: Automated detection; Bone metastases; Computer-assisted diagnosis; Image analysis; Progression-free survival; Prostate cancer; Radionuclide imaging; Tasquinimod.

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Conflict of interest statement

6. Conflicts of interest

Armstrong, Pili, Stadler, Carducci, and Damber received research support from Active Biotech. Nordle, Forsberg, and Hansen are employees of Active Biotech. Edenbrandt is an employee of EXINI. Morris receives research support from Exini.

Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Principle of BSI measurement and examples of skeletal tumor burden expressed as BSI measures. The product “metastasis area/anatomical region area × region-specific constant” is calculated for each hotspot classified as a metastasis and BSI is calculated as the sum of the products of all metastases.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.
Flowchart detailing the patients studied. BS = bone scan; P = placebo.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.
Overall survival (A) by treatment arm for patients with baseline BSI below, or greater than or equal to, a threshold of 1.0 and (B) by baseline BSI quartiles, regardless of treatment group. P = placebo.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 4.
BSI at baseline and week 12 by treatment arm. Quartiles indicated by the boxes, median indicated by the line in the boxes and mean by the + symbol (n = 85).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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