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. 2014 Sep;29(3):696-705.
doi: 10.1037/a0037254.

Effects of bilingualism and aging on executive function and working memory

Ellen Bialystok  1 , Gregory Poarch  1 , Lin Luo  1 , Fergus I M Craik  2
Affiliations

Effects of bilingualism and aging on executive function and working memory

Ellen Bialystok et al. Psychol Aging. 2014 Sep.

Abstract

Two studies are reported in which younger and older monolingual and bilingual adults performed executive function tasks. In Study 1, 130 participants performed a Stroop task and bilinguals in both age groups showed less interference than monolinguals with a greater benefit for older adults. In Study 2, 108 participants performed a complex working memory task based on verbal or nonverbal stimuli. Bilinguals showed less interference than monolinguals, with a larger bilingual advantage in the older adult group and in the nonverbal task. Together, these results show that bilingual advantages in executive function depend on characteristics of the participants and features of the tasks, with larger effects found for older than younger adults and for complex tasks using nonverbal material.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic illustration of the working memory interference tasks. A) A sample trial in the letter task; B) a sample trial in the figure task; and C) the four conditions in the tasks.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Facilitation and interference scores for accuracy and reaction time in each of the letter and number tasks by age group and language group.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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