Mouse skin photosensitivity with dihaematoporphyrin ether (DHE) and aluminium sulphonated phthalocyanine (AlSPc): a comparative study

Abstract

Skin photosensitivity of sun exposed sites is the major side effect of dihaematoporphyrin ether (DHE) photodynamic therapy (PDT). Reports of severe oedema and erythema have generally been anecdotal. We have studied aluminium sulphonated phthalocyanine (AlSPc) as a potential photosensitiser for PDT. In this paper we report our work comparing the skin photosensitivity reactions of DHE and AlSPc. We have studied: (i) the time course of the skin reactions, (ii) the effect of increasing time from administration of photosensitiser to irradiation, (iii) drug-skin reaction dose response. Groups of Skh I female hairless albino mice were given an intravenous bolus dose of either 0.9% saline solution, AlSPc or DHE (Photofrin II). Drug doses ranged from 0.5 to 50 mg/kg. At times ranging from 1 h to 1 month animals were irradiated with a range of doses of solar simulated radiation (SSR). The skin reaction was observed over a 2 week period. DHE reactions were always more severe than those with AlSPc. Peak skin reaction was seen at 3 h for DHE and 6 h for AlSPc. DHE reactions were still visible 2 weeks after irradiation whereas the AlSPc reaction disappeared by 48 h. Irradiation evoked a reaction up to 2 months after administration of DHE but only up to 2 weeks with AlSPc. The mean SSR dose at which a skin reaction was seen decreased with increasing dose of both agents. The rate of decrease was slower with AlSPc than DHE. This study suggests that in PDT, AlSPc will cause much less skin photosensitivity than DHE.