[Acute atrio-ventricular block in sickle cell anemia]

Abstract

Background: Even though sickle cell disease has a high prevalence amongst the black race and despite its well known potential of micro infarction, there have been only a few reports regarding the acute myocardial damage during vaso-occlusive crisis. The risk of atrio ventricular block during these crises has never been described in a large survey.

Patients and results: Ten patients (six men and four women, mean age 39 years old) were hospitalized for an acute atrio ventricular block. The patients were all African or Caribbean natives. Three patients were found with a heterozygous phenotype for hemoglobin S (sickle trait) and seven were found with a homozygous phenotype. The most common symptoms were asthenia (10 cases), shortness of breath (8 cases) and acute coronary syndrome (1 case) (syncope was not reported). Four patients had a second degree atrio ventricular block and six patients had third degree block. The treatment involved bed rest, intravenous hydration, and pain relief with opiates. All the cases of atrio ventricular block were only transitory and none of the patients underwent a pacemaker implantation.

Conclusion: This report is the largest survey regarding transitory acute atrio ventricular block in patients with sickle cell disease. A local ischemic event affecting the AV node and Hiss bundle area can explain the conduction abnormalities. Sickle cell disease must be ruled out in black patients with an AV block.

Keywords: Acute atrio-ventricular block; Anaemia; Anémie; Bloc auriculo-ventriculaire; Drépanocytose; Haemoglobinopathy; Hémoglobinopathie; Sickle cell disesase.