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. 2015 Jan;65(Pt 1):15-22.
doi: 10.1099/ijs.0.062752-0. Epub 2014 Sep 30.

Novel staphylococcal species that form part of a Staphylococcus aureus-related complex: the non-pigmented Staphylococcus argenteus sp. nov. and the non-human primate-associated Staphylococcus schweitzeri sp. nov

Steven Y C Tong  1   2 , Frieder Schaumburg  3 , Matthew J Ellington  4 , Jukka Corander  5 , Bruno Pichon  6 , Fabian Leendertz  7 , Stephen D Bentley  1 , Julian Parkhill  1 , Deborah C Holt  2 , Georg Peters  3 , Philip M Giffard  2
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Novel staphylococcal species that form part of a Staphylococcus aureus-related complex: the non-pigmented Staphylococcus argenteus sp. nov. and the non-human primate-associated Staphylococcus schweitzeri sp. nov

Steven Y C Tong et al. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2015 Jan.

Abstract

We define two novel species of the genus Staphylococcus that are phenotypically similar to and have near identical 16S rRNA gene sequences to Staphylococcus aureus. However, compared to S. aureus and each other, the two species, Staphylococcus argenteus sp. nov. (type strain MSHR1132(T) = DSM 28299(T) = SSI 89.005(T)) and Staphylococcus schweitzeri sp. nov. (type strain FSA084(T) = DSM 28300(T) = SSI 89.004(T)), demonstrate: 1) at a whole-genome level considerable phylogenetic distance, lack of admixture, average nucleotide identity <95 %, and inferred DNA-DNA hybridization <70 %; 2) different profiles as determined by MALDI-TOF MS; 3) a non-pigmented phenotype for S. argenteus sp. nov.; 4) S. schweitzeri sp. nov. is not detected by standard nucA PCR; 5) distinct peptidoglycan types compared to S. aureus; 6) a separate ecological niche for S. schweitzeri sp. nov.; and 7) a distinct clinical disease profile for S. argenteus sp. nov. compared to S. aureus.

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Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic tree of whole-genome sequence alignments for MSHR1132T lineage strains (LBSA043, JABA32044, M260, M051, H115100079), FSA084T lineage strains (FSCB1B, FSCB5, FSA096, FSA090, FSA037), and reference S. aureus strains (JKD6159, RF122, ST398, JH1, MSSA476, TW20, DSM 20231T). The outer circle shading indicates the three Bayesian Analysis of Population Structure (BAPS) groups: S. aureus (black), MSHR1132T lineage (light grey) and FSA084T lineage (dark grey). Branches with bootstrap support of 100 % are indicated.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.
Sequence alignment of representative nucA gene sequences. The standard primer sites (Brakstad et al., 1992) are indicated in bold underline (S. aureus), light grey shading (S. argenteus sp. nov.) or dark grey shading (S. schweitzeri sp. nov.). MSSA476 represents a reference S. aureussequence, MSHR1132T and LBSA043 represent S. argenteus sp. nov., and FSA084T and FSA090 represent S. schweitzeri sp. nov.
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