Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2014 Oct 7:14:381.
doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-381.

Phenolic composition, antioxidant, anti-wrinkles and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of cocoa pod extract

Azila Abdul Karim, Azrina Azlan  1 , Amin Ismail, Puziah Hashim, Siti Salwa Abd Gani, Badrul Hisyam Zainudin, Nur Azilah Abdullah
Affiliations

Phenolic composition, antioxidant, anti-wrinkles and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of cocoa pod extract

Azila Abdul Karim et al. BMC Complement Altern Med. .

Abstract

Background: Cocoa pod is an outer part of cocoa fruits being discarded during cocoa bean processing. Authors found out that data on its usage in literature as cosmetic materials was not recorded in vast. In this study, cocoa pod extract was investigated for its potential as a cosmetic ingredient.

Methods: Cocoa pod extract (CPE) composition was accomplished using UHPLC. The antioxidant capacity were measured using scavenging assay of 1,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), β-carotene bleaching assay (BCB) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Inhibiting effect on skin degradation enzymes was carried out using elastase and collagenase assays. The skin whitening effect of CPE was determined based on mushroom tyrosinase assay and sun screening effect (UV-absorbance at 200-400 nm wavelength).

Results: LC-MS/MS data showed the presence of carboxylic acid, phenolic acid, fatty acid, flavonoids (flavonol and flavones), stilbenoids and terpenoids in CPE. Results for antioxidant activity exhibited that CPE possessed good antioxidant activity, based on the mechanism of the assays compared with ascorbic acid (AA) and standardized pine bark extract (PBE); DPPH: AA > CPE > PBE; FRAP: PBE > CPE > AA; and BCB: BHT > CPE > PBE. Cocoa pod extract showed better action against elastase and collagenase enzymes in comparison with PBE and AA. Higher inhibition towards tyrosinase enzyme was exhibited by CPE than kojic acid and AA, although lower than PBE. CPE induced proliferation when tested on human fibroblast cell at low concentration. CPE also exhibited a potential as UVB sunscreen despite its low performance as a UVA sunscreen agent.

Conclusions: Therefore, the CPE has high potential as a cosmetic ingredient due to its anti-wrinkle, skin whitening, and sunscreen effects.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Absorbance of tested samples compared with commercial UV-sunscreen agent (Avobenzone and Octylmethoxycinnamate) at 200–400 wavelength.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Mukherjee PK, Maity N, Nema NK, Sarkar BK. Bioactive compounds from natural resources against skin aging. Phytomedicine. 2011;19(1):64–73. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2011.10.003. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Kim YH, Chung CB, Kim JG, Ko KI, Park SH, Kim JH, Eom SY, Kim YS, Hwang YI, Kim KH. Anti-wrinkle activity of Ziyuglycoside I isolated from a Sanguisorba officinalis root extract and its application as a cosmeceutical ingredient. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2008;72(2):303–311. doi: 10.1271/bbb.70268. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Purba MB, Kouris-Blazos A, Wattanapenpaiboon N, Lukito W, Rottenberg EM, Steen BC, Wahlqvist MI. Skin wrinkling: can food make a difference? J Am Coll Nutr. 2001;20(1):71–80. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2001.10719017. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Landau M. Exogenous factors in skin aging. In: Tur E, editor. Environmental Factors in Skin Diseases. Curr Probl Dermatol. Basel: Karger; 2007. pp. 1–13. - PubMed
    1. Svobodova A, Walterova D, Vostalova J. Ultraviolet light induced alteration to the skin. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2006;150(1):25–38. doi: 10.5507/bp.2006.003. - DOI - PubMed
Pre-publication history
    1. The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1472-6882/14/381/prepub

Publication types

MeSH terms