[Modern trends of basic research in pathogenesis of progressive myopia]

Abstract

The growing prevalence of progressive myopia and its disabling consequences explains the elaboration of reliable diagnostic markers and new treatment strategies based on the research results of molecular mechanisms underlying the development of the condition. The paper reviews recent basic pathogenetic research studies which have greatly broadened the awareness of the deep causes of progressive myopia associated with the activity of certain growth factors, local and systemic protein metabolism, and regulation of hormonal and neural processes. Practical clinical guidelines for new criteria of diagnosis and control of myopia are published as they could be useful while selecting individual treatment plans including indications to sclera-strengthening therapy and its evaluation. The results may be promising in the elaboration of systemic and local medications for the prevention of myopia progression, which should address the regulation of connective tissue disorders, hormonal shifts, and imbalanced autonomic nervous system.